b) the influences of the social world in which we exist. Taylor, S. E., Fiske, S. T., Etcoff, N. L., & Ruderman, A. J. relationships and domestic topics. Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001). Walton, G. M., & Cohen, G. L. (2003). a. color blindness is a means of maintaining racial equality. c. her lack of makeup and jewelry Sarah feels that her positions are correct, and she believes they are true not only for her but for women in general. Because men are more likely to be leaders than are women, they may well be, on average, more dominant; and because women are more likely to take care of children, they may, on average, act in a more nurturing way than do men. Identify what went wrong and what needs to happen to correct the situation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27(4), 357378. d. people who are not prejudiced can discriminate. And self-fulfilling prophecies are ubiquitouseven teachers expectations about their students academic abilities can influence the students school performance (Jussim, Robustelli, & Cain, 2009). Ethnicity bases classification on physical features. but that reflect a more negative connotation for the female term. c. In explaining racial inequality between Blacks and whites, class disadvantages are more significant than racism. Critiques Strengthen and Improve the Original Findings: Rejoinder to c. the social categorization perspective. a. Social Categorization and Stereotyping | Principles of Social Psychology Prejudice based on socially significant physical distinctions is known as. Despite the increased participation of women in sports, female athletes continue to be Given are five observations for two variables, x and y. xi12345yi3751114\begin{array}{r|rrrrr} c. segregation. (1978). c. Segregation b. b. On the other hand, sometimes these beliefs are negative, and they create negative self-fulfilling prophecies such that we perform more poorly just because of our knowledge about the stereotypes. 26 percent; 6 percent The participants tended to agree about what traits were true of which groups, and this was true even for groups of which the respondents were likely to never have met a single member (Arabs and Russians). d. Native Americans. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(12), 16671678. c. from 1986 to 2008 To get around this problem, social psychologists make use of a number of techniques that help them measure these beliefs more subtly and indirectly. When we make situational attributions, we are identifying the source of an action as something ________. c. Cuba c. 35 A) The more complex the category, the more susceptible it is to illusion of the expert. 34, pp. According to Aristotle, an argument satisfies three conditions, and "is based on certain statements made in such a way as necessarily to cause the assertion of things other than those statements . Which of the following statements concerning race is TRUE? b. assimilation. c. racialization. a. in the post-World War II period up to the early 1960s a. interpersonal racism. c. unableness B. Which of the following statements concerning prejudice is not true? If you found yourself lost in a city, you might look for a police officer or a taxi driver to help you find your way. a. Desocializing Social Media: The Visual and Media Ideologies of Stock c. 74; 42 c. as active, mature adults c) Data classification and application categorization must be; Question: Which of the following statements is true about data classification and application categorization for sensitivity? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(5), 456467. More than 99 percent of the people in the United States are descended from d. El Salvadoran Americans, During which period were Mexican workers admitted without much restriction? Macrae, C. N., Bodenhausen, G. V., Milne, A. In the climate of great uncertainty characterizing the COVID-19 pandemic, health communication played a significant role: several communicative strategies and channels were used to inform, educate and alert. b. FA Judgement of Numerical Equivalence and Numerical Categorization by Flashcards - test 20 - FreezingBlue Sechrist, G. B., & Stangor, C. (2001). This truth may come in part from the roles that individuals play in society. In 2013, ______ of Americans eighteen- to twenty-nine-year-olds supported interracial marriage. This prevents us from really learning about the outgroup members as individuals, and as a result, we tend to be unaware of the differences among the group members. Children of Japanese immigrants were unable to learn English, putting them at an educational disadvantage. c. discrimination. focused on ethnic minority women. B. Soci 3270 Test 2 Questions Flashcards Furthermore, one half of the participants were told that when the presentation was over, they would be asked to remember which person had made which suggestion, whereas the other half of the participants were told merely to observe the interaction without attending to anything in particular. In this case, social categorization would probably be useful because a police officer or a taxi driver might be particularly likely to know the layout of the city streets. De facto segregation, or segregation "in fact," was completely eliminated. He receives two very promising applications from individuals who both are college educated and hold well-paying jobs. For most of the period of European expansion, Europeans believed themselves to be superior to the people they colonized and conquered. Which of these four statements about self-report measures of attitude are correct? An example of a superordinate goal would be two individuals who want to move a heavy couch out of their apartment. Alleviating womens mathematics stereotype threat through salience of group achievements. a. modern; benevolent Imagine now that while John and Sarah are still talking, some students from another college, each wearing the hats and jackets of that school, show up in the student union. Generics express generalizations, but unlike quantified statements, generics do not carry information about how many members of the kind or category have the property. The tendency to see members of social groups as similar to each other is particularly strong for members of outgroups, resulting in outgroup homogeneitythe tendency to view members of outgroups as more similar to each other than we see members of ingroups (Linville, Salovey, & Fischer, 1986; Ostrom & Sedikides, 1992; Meissner & Brigham, 2001). Patricia Linville and Edward Jones (1980) gave research participants a list of trait terms and asked them to think about either members of their own group (e.g., Blacks) or members of another group (e.g., Whites) and to place the trait terms into piles that represented different types of people in the group. Group socialization and prejudice: The social transmission of intergroup attitudes and beliefs. Immigrants in this example can be considered a 13 percent; 3 percent Psych. of Wmn. Chapter 2 Flashcards | Quizlet Alter, A. L., Aronson, J., Darley, J. M., Rodriguez, C., & Ruble, D. N. (2010). Early experiences of failure increase an individual's sense of competence. a. had developed cultural differences but were essentially very similar. Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called And John and Sarah may even change their opinions about each other, forgetting that they really like each other as individuals, because they are now responding more as group members with opposing views. b. TikTok as a source of information regarding premature ejaculation: a b. This difference is an example of A researcher examines the differences in assimilation rates of new immigrants in the United States vs. Europe. c. Black children and white children still attend separate schools in most rural areas of the South. A. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 10(2), 109120. d. Hispanics are neither white nor nonwhite. c. now have about equal numbers of male and female characters in basic readers and math In short, stereotypes and prejudice are powerful largely because they are important social norms that are part of our culture (Guimond, 2000). b. more agentic than traditionally titled women. At this point, we would probably not consider them to be acting as group members, but rather as two individuals. a. Authoritarianism is not a characteristic of personality but reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. c. antimiscegenation 275292). One difficulty in measuring stereotypes and prejudice is that people may not tell the truth about their beliefs. Barden, J., Maddux, W. W., Petty, R. E., & Brewer, M. B. Stereotypes are often easy to change when there is evidence that contradicts a belief. And which groups we use in social categorization can change over time and in different situations. Race and ethnicity shape internal and external perceptions of a group. d. displacement. d. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is CORRECT? c. It outlawed discriminatory voting practices. a. Puerto Rico Principles of Social Psychology by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Post author: Post published: June 21, 2022 Post category: sustainability conferences usa Post comments: meaning of oja in yoruba meaning of oja in yoruba Entropy-related risks were soon translated into the "infodemic", a wide-spread phenomenon with psychosocial and cultural roots. (1993). Similarly, when stereotypes are activated, children with low socioeconomic status perform more poorly in math than do those with high socioeconomic status, and psychology students perform more poorly than do natural science students (Brown, Croizet, Bohner, Fournet, & Payne, 2003). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46(4), 735754. d. The Japanese families' assimilation into U.S. society accelerated after the war. When prejudice does not pay: Effects of interracial contact on executive function. (Solved) - 1. Which of the following statements regarding project b. Authoritarianism is a characteristic of personality and reflects the values and norms of particular subcultures within the wider society. 3 We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. c. segregation. These could be between candidates and students (usually the case), candidates and parents (quite common), Chinese students and Chinese teachers, and candidates with me (as their mentor/teacher). b. a. unmarried women. D. slow. Simplify the answer when possible . b. Saturday morning cartoons. a. Racism is no longer a significant problem for Blacks. We experience more negative affect (particularly anxiety) when we are with members of other groups than we do when we are with people from our own groups, and we need to use more cognitive resources to control our behavior because of our anxiety about revealing our stereotypes or prejudices (Butz & Plant, 2006; Richeson & Shelton, 2003). c. White women under age 35 PDF EXCEPT: C. - Parker University . Ann Hopkins filed a lawsuit against Price Waterhouse asserting that her promotion for None of these choices. 24; 12 Which of the following statements about social categorization is a. the more hostile sexism endorsed by the men, the less benevolent sexism reported by the b. Social categorization occurs when we think of someone as a man (versus a woman), an old person (versus a young person), a Black person (versus an Asian or White person), and so on (Allport, 1954/1979). On January 1, 2014, Everett Corporation had these stockholders equity accounts. The point at which operating income is equal to $0. doi: 10.1111/j.17519004.2010.00306.x. c. the same type of animals were depicted on the girl cards and the boy cards. c. The availability of social support decreases our ability to cope successfully with change. Perform the indicated operation. b. eugenics. d. 50. Is your behavior fair or unfair to the people you are categorizing? Unit 6 Flashcards by Lauren Pulido | Brainscape What is a characteristic of white privilege? b. Well-meaning comments are never insulting. Groups acting to fulfill selfish interests instead of cooperating with other groups often leads to depleted resources rather than benefits. Tajfel, H. (1970). 4 "She did a good job because she's talented. The pet store owners discover that the power will not be restored for many days. d. Multiculturalism. A Feelings of hostility or anger directed against objects that are not the real origin of those anxieties is called a. transference. Sarah feels quite the contraryarguing that women have been the targets of sexism for many, many years and even now do not have the same access to high-paying jobs that men do. In Handbook of motivation and cognition: The interpersonal context (Vol. than those who are not employed. Research suggests that we are more easily influenced by an attractive speaker than by an unattractive speaker. a. immigrants. Southern and Eastern Europe. Chapter 12: Social Psychology Flashcards | Quizlet Its just easier, because the stereotypes are matched or associated with the pictures in a way that makes sense. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. There is a correlation between how group members perceive the stereotypes of their own groups and how people from other groups perceive those same stereotypes (Judd & Park, 1993; Swim, 1994). d. laws granting relief from discrimination and segregation, beginning in the 1950s, Industrial development in the North of the United States, combined with the mechanization of agriculture in the South, produced a progressive movement of _______ northward starting at the beginning of the twentieth century. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28(5), 659670. A developmental intergroup theory of social stereotypes and prejudice. Introduction The Philippines has more than 111 dialects spoken, owing to the subdivisions of these basic regional and cultural groups. d. The more extensive the changes associated with the event, the less the stress. d. She became partner and was awarded financial compensation for lost wages. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes Are Hispanics white or nonwhite? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39(1), 8390. d) Secondary research is cheaper than primary research. c. Some Hispanics are white and some Hispanics are nonwhite. b. stereotyping. Snyder, M., Tanke, E. D., & Berscheid, E. (1977). Prejudice: Its social psychology. Crisp, R. J., & Hewstone, M. Social Cognition, 21(3), 167193. This is an example of Although Gkn has been shown to predict important life outcomes, only a few standardized tests measuring Gkn exist, especially for the adult population. Our stereotypes influence not only our judgments of others but also our beliefs about ourselves, and even our own performance on important tasks. C. categorization Although either individual could afford to purchase a generator individually, they agree to split the cost of a generator because they love fish more than they dislike each other. Butz, D. A., & Plant, E. A. Gender stereotyping research that focused on the ethnicity of the target found that: Do you hold implicit prejudices? (2006). a. Research has found that the experience of stereotype threat can help explain a wide variety of performance decrements among those who are targeted by negative stereotypes. d. It outlawed discrimination in the rental or purchase of homes. c. color-blind racism, unlike overt racism, is not psychologically damaging to racial minorities. d. Roe v. Wade, In American Apartheid (1993), Douglas Massey and Nancy A. Denton argue that _______ is/are responsible for the perpetuation of black poverty and the continued polarization of black and white people. Those who view the Mexican American population as stagnating argue that Mexicans are going through a process called a. ageism The following statements concerning the thalamus are correct EXCEPT: A. b. having few billable hours This process of categorization is known as Which of the following statements concerning workers' compensation is NOT correct? Find f(x)f^\prime(x)f(x) and find the value(s) of x where the tangent line is horizontal. On the affective side, stereotype threat creates stress as well as a variety of affective responses including anxiety (Schmader, Johns, & Forbes, 2008). Self-report measures can be affected by people's desire to state socially desirable attitudes. d. none of the above. Because the threat is in the air, Black students may be negatively influenced by it. False. Based on your knowledge of social psychology, which phenomenon may have contributed to the errant putt? The IMA's Statement of Ethical Professional Practice includes all but which of the following broad categories? Research has found that stereotype threat is caused by both cognitive and affective factors. Based on research presented in the b. Joe Feagin b. d. ethnic groups exist separately and share equally in economic and political life. Sociologist Eduardo Bonilla-Silva argues that c. The media tend to portray Latinas in low-status occupations. Hirschfeld, L. (1996). d. prejudice. a. a. non-Hispanic whites a. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? 1.1 Defining Social Psychology: History and Principles, 1.3 Conducting Research in Social Psychology, 2.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Cognition, 3.1 Moods and Emotions in Our Social Lives, 3.3 How to Feel Better: Coping With Negative Emotions, 3.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Affect, 4.3 The Social Self: The Role of the Social Situation, 4.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About the Self, 5.2 Changing Attitudes Through Persuasion, 5.3 Changing Attitudes by Changing Behavior, 5.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Attitudes, Behavior, and Persuasion, 6.2 Inferring Dispositions Using Causal Attribution, 6.3 Individual and Cultural Differences in Person Perception, 6.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Person Perception, 7.3 Person, Gender, and Cultural Differences in Conformity, 7.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Conformity, 8.2 Close Relationships: Liking and Loving Over the Long Term, 8.3 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Liking and Loving, 9.1 Understanding Altruism: Self and Other Concerns, 9.2 The Role of Affect: Moods and Emotions, 9.3 How the Social Context Influences Helping, 9.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Altruism, 10.2 The Biological and Emotional Causes of Aggression, 10.3 The Violence Around Us: How the Social Situation Influences Aggression, 10.4 Personal and Cultural Influences on Aggression, 10.5 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Aggression, 11.2 Group Process: The Pluses and Minuses of Working Together, 11.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Social Groups, 12.1 Social Categorization and Stereotyping, 12.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination, 13.1 Conflict, Cooperation, Morality, and Fairness, 13.2 How the Social Situation Creates Conflict: The Role of Social Dilemmas, 13.3 Strategies for Producing Cooperation, 13.4 Thinking Like a Social Psychologist About Cooperation and Competition. d. integrate schools. C. A worker receives benefits only if the work-related injury was not his or her fault. a. a. transference. c. increase tax breaks to Black churches. c. "Throughout history mankind has been plagued by disease." Define stereotypes and describe the ways that stereotypes are measured. Which of the following statements about categorization is most correct Yaacov Trope and Eric Thompson (1997) found that individuals addressed fewer questions to members of categories about which they had strong stereotypes (as if they already knew what these people were like) and that the questions they did ask were likely to confirm the stereotypes they already had. For one, we learn our stereotypes in part through our communications with parents and peers (Aboud & Doyle, 1996) and from the behaviors we see portrayed in the media (Brown, 1995). Once our stereotypes and prejudices become established, they are difficult to change and may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies, such that our expectations about the group members make the stereotypes come true. c. discrimination. CM PRACTICE EXERCISE - Blurred Boundaries Following are some The participants evidently categorized the speakers by their gender, leading them to make more within-gender than across-gender confusions. This problem has been solved! d. Elijah Anderson. b. still show more male characters than female characters in basic readers and math materials Revan was excited about working with a group of friends on the next science project. Following the social norm made one more popular. 3 behavioral Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(2), 275287. Which of the following is not true of media portrayals of women and men? b. Categorization is frequently based on easily identifiable attributes. 2 You believe that reality TV is for morons but are addicted to American Idol and watch every episode. which of the following statements concerning social categorization is correct? Imagine for a moment that two college students, John and Sarah, are talking at a table in the student union at your college or university. The representation also includes one image (or exemplar) of a particular college professor whom the student knows. b. Puerto Rican Americans A. d. her unfeminine walk. a. Dred Scott v. Sandford \hline \boldsymbol{y}_i & 3 & 7 & 5 & 11 & 14 Using our stereotypes to size up another person might simply make our life easier (Macrae, Bodenhausen, Milne, & Jetten, 1994). European Journal of Social Psychology, 30(3), 335354. Why do U.S. taxpayers lose because of North Korea's counterfeiting? This multiplicity of causes is unfortunate because it makes stereotypes and prejudices even more likely to form and harder to change. The cluster of traits that includes being independent, ambitious, and achievement-oriented is, According to the text, in North American society _______ traits are more likely to be associated. People who sit farther away are assumed to be more prejudiced toward the members of the group. Immigrants in this example can be considered a Prejudice toward female leaders: Backlash effects and womens impression management dilemma. Although Anthony, an African American, was more productive at work than Francisco, a Hispanic American, Anthony was given a raise but not Francisco because the owner believed that Hispanic Americans are better workers than African Americans. a. Northwestern Europe. In this sense, the stereotypes are at least partly true for many of the members of the social category, in terms of their actual behaviors. White men performed more poorly on a math test when they were told that their performance would be compared with that of Asian men (Aronson, Lustina, Good, Keough, & Steele, 1999), and Whites performed more poorly than Blacks on a sport-related task when it was described to them as measuring their natural athletic ability (Stone, 2002). Stangor, C., Lynch, L., Duan, C., & Glass, B. Which of the following statements concerning social categorization is (1984). Psychological Science, 14(5), 516519. 1 A outgoing woman marries a reserved man. In recent years gay and lesbian characters increasingly have been featured in mainstream TV, Categorization is the ability and activity of recognizing shared features or similarities between the elements of the experience of the world (such as objects, events, or ideas), organizing and classifying experience by associating them to a more abstract group (that is, a category, class, or type), on the basis of their traits, features, similarities or other criteria that are universal to . Confusing one person with another: What errors reveal about the elementary forms of social relations. For example, if asked "how many . answer:-opruon 1 The Social Security retirement benefit is payable at normal retirem . c. Racist attitudes are found in all human societies because humans are designed to notice and dislike people who are different. In one of the experimental conditions, participants simply saw six lines, whereas in the other condition, the lines were systematically categorized into two groupsone comprising the three shorter lines and one comprising the three longer lines. In these situations, there is a discrepancy between our positive concept of our skills and abilities and the negative stereotypes suggesting poor performance. Race in the making: Cognition, culture and the childs construction of human kinds. (C) Policy dividends are an intentional return of a portion of the premiums paid. When Reggie and his team play against one of the schools from a less affluent area, Reggie makes fun of the other team's uniforms. When a minority member experiences a microaggression, they Stereotyping and perceived distributions of social characteristics: An application to ingroup-outgroup perception. He has shared this information with his a. d. discrimination, A white applicant who was rejected by a prestigious university argues that she was not admitted because racial minorities were given special advantages in the application process. In the next section we will consider two of these approachesthe bogus pipeline procedure and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). c. Japanese Americans d. a and b, Which of the following statements regarding the portrayal of women of color on television is/are Which of the following statements concerning minority groups is true? c. Irish Americans Although the meaning of the IAT has been debated (Tetlock & Mitchell, 2008), research using implicit measures does suggest thatwhether we know it or not, and even though we may try to control them when we canour stereotypes and prejudices are easily activated when we see members of different social categories (Barden, Maddux, Petty, & Brewer, 2004). And we behave toward women in ways that makes it more difficult for them to lead. Fyock, J., & Stangor, C. (1994). In several forms of media men are more likely than women to be depicted in work-related New York, NY: Harcourt & Brace. b) Secondary research is done after primary research. Social traps do not benefit groups sharing the same interest because two groups focused on fulfilling their own best interest without acknowledging the actions of the other group involved often leads to neither group benefiting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(6), 10661079.
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